Conferences, Lectures, & Seminars
Events for October
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Materials Science Program Seminar
Mon, Oct 10, 2005
Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
Conferences, Lectures, & Seminars
THE MORK FAMILY DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS SCIENCE PRESENTS A SEMINAR
BYSannakaisa Virtanen
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
Dept. of Materials Sci., WWIV-LKO
Martensstr. 7, D-91058 Erlangen, GermanyElectrochemical behavior and corrosion modes of metallic materials used for biomedical applicationsAbstractThe goal of the studies is to determine critical factors in the chemical and electrochemical stability of metallic implant materials, as well as to elucidate interactions between the implant surface and the specific biological environment. The materials investigated include Ti, Ti-alloys as well as Co-Cr-Mo alloys. All these materials are generally highly corrosion-resistant. However, specific problems in the chemical and mechanical stability are being encountered with these materials, which in many cases have been attributed to the conjoint action of chemical and mechanical attack, so-called fretting corrosion. Further, clinical observations often show unexpected high accumulation of metal ions of the implant materials in tissue. The influence of various internal and external factors on passivity and its breakdown were elucidated for different implant alloys. The electrochemical behavior of the alloys was studied under simulated body conditions using conventional electrochemical techniques. For certain alloys, microelectrochemical experiments are being carried out to evaluate the local electrochemical behavior of different surface sites (i.e., different phases of two-phase alloys). Apart from metal ion release mechanisms, modification of the passive film/electrolyte-interface by specific interactions of ions present in the simulated body solution (especially Ca2+, PO43-) with the metal surfaces are being investigated by electrochemical and surface analytical techniques. In vitro metal ion release modes as well as changes in the surface characteristics are compared with results from in vivo studies. The relevance of the findings for long-term stability of implant systems will be discussed. October 21, 2005
2:45-3:30 PM
(Refreshments will be served at 2:30 PM)
VHE 217**All first year materials science majors are required to attend**Location: Vivian Hall of Engineering (VHE) - 217
Audiences: Everyone Is Invited
Contact: Petra Pearce
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Lyman Handy Colloquium
Thu, Oct 13, 2005
Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
Conferences, Lectures, & Seminars
SpeakerProf. Horia Metiu
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
University of California, Santa Barbara Abstract "Doped oxides as catalysts, why gold clusters are reactive, and electronic
manipulation of catalysis" I will talk about three distinct subjects, all connected to catalysis. In the first I will explore whether doped oxides (for example, AuxCe1-xO2) might provide us with a new class of oxidation catalysts. We do this by using density functional calculations, to determine the binding energies of various compounds and the activation energies of the possible reactions. We use CO oxidation as a test of the oxidizing power of the doped oxides. In the second topic I discuss experiments done in collaboration with Moskovits and Kolmakov in which we test whether manipulating the number of electrons in a nano-catalyst can affect the catalytic activity. The experiments study CO oxidation by a SnO2 nanowire, which is part of an electric circuit and sits on top of a gate. We find that we can manipulate the reaction rate by changing (with the gate) the number of electrons in the wire. Finally, if there is any time left I will discuss a possible reason why small Au clusters are good catalysts, while large clusters are not. We and others have proposed that the clusters are reactive because they have many low coordination sites on the surface. Here I want to amend that picture and propose that the reactivity depends on what I call "orbital roughness", not on geometrical (low coordination) roughness.
Audiences: Everyone Is Invited
Contact: Petra Pearce
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Materials Science Program Seminar
Wed, Oct 19, 2005
Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
Conferences, Lectures, & Seminars
THE MORK FAMILY DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS SCIENCE PRESENTS A SEMINAR
BYPhilippe MarcusLaboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Surfaces
CNRS-ENSCP (UMR 7045)Nanostructure and reactivity of ultra-thin oxide films on metal
and alloy surfacesAbstractThe growth mechanisms, the structure and the stability of oxide films produced electrochemically on metal and alloy surfaces (Cu, Ni, Cr, and stainless steels) will be presented, with emphasis on high resolution data obtained by in situ Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy, combined with ex situ X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. The surface hydroxylation of oxides, the crystallinity, and the role of defects in the stability of passive films will be examined. The results of recent DFT calculations on the interaction of Cl- with hydroxylated nickel oxide surfaces will be presented, and the experimental and theoretical data will be compared.October 19, 2005
1:00-2:00 pm
VHE 217Location: Vivian Hall of Engineering (VHE) - 217
Audiences: Everyone Is Invited
Contact: Petra Pearce
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Materials Science Program Seminar
Fri, Oct 21, 2005
Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
Conferences, Lectures, & Seminars
THE MORK FAMILY DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS SCIENCE PRESENTS A SEMINAR
BYSannakaisa Virtanen
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
Dept. of Materials Sci., WWIV-LKO
Martensstr. 7, D-91058 Erlangen, GermanyElectrochemical behavior and corrosion modes of metallic materials used for biomedical applicationsAbstractThe goal of the studies is to determine critical factors in the chemical and electrochemical stability of metallic implant materials, as well as to elucidate interactions between the implant surface and the specific biological environment. The materials investigated include Ti, Ti-alloys as well as Co-Cr-Mo alloys. All these materials are generally highly corrosion-resistant. However, specific problems in the chemical and mechanical stability are being encountered with these materials, which in many cases have been attributed to the conjoint action of chemical and mechanical attack, so-called fretting corrosion. Further, clinical observations often show unexpected high accumulation of metal ions of the implant materials in tissue. The influence of various internal and external factors on passivity and its breakdown were elucidated for different implant alloys. The electrochemical behavior of the alloys was studied under simulated body conditions using conventional electrochemical techniques. For certain alloys, microelectrochemical experiments are being carried out to evaluate the local electrochemical behavior of different surface sites (i.e., different phases of two-phase alloys). Apart from metal ion release mechanisms, modification of the passive film/electrolyte-interface by specific interactions of ions present in the simulated body solution (especially Ca2+, PO43-) with the metal surfaces are being investigated by electrochemical and surface analytical techniques. In vitro metal ion release modes as well as changes in the surface characteristics are compared with results from in vivo studies. The relevance of the findings for long-term stability of implant systems will be discussed. October 21, 2005
2:45-3:30 PM
(Refreshments will be served at 2:30 PM)
VHE 217**All first year materials science majors are required to attend**
Location: Vivian Hall of Engineering (VHE) - 217
Audiences: Everyone Is Invited
Contact: Petra Pearce
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Graduate Seminar
Fri, Oct 28, 2005 @ 01:45 AM
Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
Conferences, Lectures, & Seminars
Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
Graduate SeminarâIntegration of Laboratory, Modeling and Field Studies to Evaluate a Waterflooded Vuggy Carbonate Reservoir for Application of Improved Oil Recovery MethodsâÂDr. Kaveh Dehghani
ChevronAbstract A waterflooded vuggy carbonate reservoir in Permian Basin was considered for application of Improved Oil Recovery (IOR) methods. An integrated laboratory, modeling and field study was used for the evaluation process. The following shows different parts of the evaluation process: A methodology was developed to model and successfully history match the primary and waterflood phases in a 15 well, 100 acre vuggy portion of the field. This method is based on a derived log trace of secondary porosity calculated by subtracting sonic porosity (matrix only) from a core calibrated total porosity transformed from Density and Neutron-logs. Log signatures of vugular intervals were developed recognizing significant differences in matrix and total porosity. A detailed geostatistical distribution of total porosity was first generated and permeability was assigned using a cloud transform of core data from nearby wells. Two geostatistical distributions of secondary porosity with different correlation lengths were then generated using the developed secondary porosity trace. Vugular zones were assumed to have a secondary porosity of 8% or greater. These models were superimposed on the permeability cube by assigning exceptional high permeability values to the vuggy zones. Using a general scale up method, the detailed permeability cubes were scaled-up for simulation studies. The models incorporating vuggy permeability distributions showed a far superior history match of primary and waterflood performance than those without vuggy permeability distributions. Good history match was also obtained on individual well basis. Sensitivity of the match to vuggy zone permeability and correlation length was analyzed. Results from these simulation runs provide insight into the spatial distribution and permeabilities of the vuggy zones. During the process of this examination it was recognized that this reservoir was a potential candidate for the steam injection process. Thin zones of vuggy high porosity and high permeability within the main pay interval have threatened the effectiveness of waterflood, leaving a major portion of oil by-passed in the lower permeability matrix. Feasibility of increasing recovery by steam injection in this part of the field was investigated using thermal compositional models. The analysis of the results from this modeling practice showed that primary recovery produced 14% of OOIP and waterflood added a 12% incremental recovery. The results also showed that combining a short steamflood cycle followed by a blow-down cycle from all wells (including the injectors) resulted in a big kick in both oil production rate and cumulative oil production curves (e.g., 2.5 years of flood followed by 2.5 years of production). The best scenario of well configuration was 10 acre 5 spots with incremental oil recovery of 18% of OOIP. A preliminary economic calculation showed steam injection to be economically feasible. We also conducted laboratory experiments on a core sample from this reservoir in order to quantify the recovery mechanisms. These comprise thermal expansion, thermally enhanced solution gas drive, vaporization, and in-situ steam drive. Computed Tomography (CT) imaging of a miscible flood was used to characterize the connectivity of the vugs and matrix rock. A series of blow-down tests were then conducted by heating the core to 300 ââ¹ F. The backpressure regulator on the system was set just above the bubble point of the oil at 300 ââ¹ F. The pore pressure was then reduced at a constant rate from one end of the core sample. The first blow-down test was with the core at initial oil saturation with pressure reduction from the top of the sample; the second at initial oil saturation with pressure reduction from the bottom; and the third at residual oil saturation to water with pressure reduction from the top. The volumes and compositions of the produced fluids were measured in all the blow-down tests. The initial and final oil saturation distribution for the second blow-down experiment was also CT imaged. The CT images reveal that the core sample contains vugs, high permeability matrix, and low permeability matrix rock; and that the vugs are connected through the high permeability matrix. The blow-down experiments show that 50-68% of the oil is recovered; with 8-20% due to thermal expansion, 20-24% due to thermally enhanced solution gas drive, 12-16% due to dry distillation, and 8-10% due to in-situ steam drive.Friday, October 28, 2005
Refreshments at 1:30 p.m. â" HED Lobby
Seminar at 1:45 p.m.
HED 116
The Scientific Community is Cordially Invited
Location: Hedco Pertroleum and Chemical Engineering Building (HED) - 116
Audiences: Everyone Is Invited
Contact: Petra Pearce